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The masked cardinal (''Paroaria nigrogenis'') is a bird species in the tanager family (Thraupidae). It was formerly placed in the Emberizidae and is not very closely related to the cardinals proper (Cardinalidae). It was previously considered conspecific with the red-capped cardinal. It is from Trinidad, north-eastern Colombia and northern Venezuela and markedly differs from these two by the black ear-coverts and the red (not black) lower throat and upper chest. Additionally, its lower mandible is typically whitish, but this is not entirely consistent, as it occasionally is pale flesh-coloured. This distinctive taxon as a distinct species, as suggested by the lack of hybridization with ''P. g. gularis'' in the limited area of overlap in southern Venezuela. The common name masked cardinal was suggested.〔Restall ''et al.'' (2006).〕 ==References== * Restall, Robin L.; Rodner, C. & Lentino, M. (2006): ''Birds of Northern South America''. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-7243-9 (vol. 1). ISBN 0-7136-7242-0 (vol. 2). * Dávalos, L.M., Porzecanski, A.L. (2009) Accounting for molecular stochasticity in systematic revisions: species limits and phylogeny of Paroaria. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53: 234-248. ==External links== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「masked cardinal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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